Hypercalcemia

 

 

Etiology

Malignancy Endocrine Granulomatous
diseases		 Drugs Miscellaneous
 

  • Hyperparathyroidism

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Acromegaly

  • Myxedema

  • Pheochromocytoma

  • Addison’s (rare)

  

  • Vitamin D and A intoxication

  • Thiazide diuretics

  • Lithium

  • Milk-alkali syndrome

  • Immobilization

  • Hyperproteinemia

  • Lab error

  • Severe dehydration

 

 

Manifestations
(“stones, bones, moans, & changes in mental tones”)

 

Neurologic Cardiac Gastrointestinal Renal Skeletal Vascular

  • Altered mental status

  • Weakness, fatigue

  • Ataxia

  • Hypotonicity

  • Decreased DTR’s

  • Heart block

  • Increased digoxin toxicity

  • Decreased automaticity
    & QT interval

  • Increased contractility
    (mild-moderate)

  • Decreased contractility (severe)

  • Nausea, vomiting

  • Weight loss

  • Pain PUD

  • Pancreatitis, constipation

  • Proximal tubular
    dysfunction

  • Nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis

  • Hypostenuria

  • Arthralgias

  • Bone pain

  • demineralization

  • HTN

 

Treatment